India and the United States have cultivated a dynamic and multifaceted partnership over the decades, evolving from initial tensions during the Cold War to a robust collaboration in areas such as trade, defense, technology, and global governance. The bilateral relationship gained momentum in the 1990s when India adopted economic liberalization and adjusted its foreign policy to align with a unipolar world. Strategic milestones like the Civil Nuclear Cooperation deal under Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and President George W. Bush marked a turning point, solidifying ties between the two democracies. In recent years, India has emerged as a "Major Defense Partner" of the U.S., with joint initiatives such as technology-sharing agreements and defense manufacturing projects, including the production of GE F-414 jet engines and MQ-9B drones. Economic collaboration continues to flourish, with bilateral trade reaching $191 billion in 2022 and aiming for $500 billion by 2030 through initiatives like the Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA). The integration of supply chains, reduction of trade barriers, and mutual investments—Indian businesses have invested over $40 billion in the U.S., creating nearly 425,000 jobs—underscore the economic interdependence between the nations. Moreover, partnerships in advanced technologies, clean energy, counter-terrorism, and infrastructure development highlight shared priorities. Cultural ties are strengthened by the Indian-American diaspora's significant contributions to U.S. society and politics, while multilateral engagements like The Quad and I2U2 further enhance strategic cooperation. As both countries navigate an increasingly multipolar world order, their collaboration remains pivotal in addressing global challenges and fostering innovation-driven growth.
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